Generación, suministro e inversión de energía: una visión clara de cómo funciona el mercado eléctrico
Generación, suministro e inversión de energía: una visión clara de cómo funciona el mercado eléctrico
Comprender el recorrido de la electricidad desde su origen hasta el suministro en hogares y empresas es fundamental para entender el sector energético y tomar decisiones informadas sobre nuestro suministro. A continuación, detallaremos las fases del suministro eléctrico, el funcionamiento del mercado mayorista y la inversión en energías renovables dando a conocer el papel de Audax Renovables como compañía energética.
¿Cómo funciona la generación y distribución de la electricidad?
The supply of electricity to the final consumer comprises four main and distinct phases in the value chain:
1. Generación de la energía:
Es el punto de partida, donde la energía eléctrica se produce en diversas instalaciones (parques eólicos y fotovoltaicos, centrales hidroeléctricas, ciclos combinados, centrales nucleares etc.).
2. Transporte de electricidad:
Se trata del traslado de la electricidad a grandes distancias mediante la red de alta tensión, operada por Spanish Electricity Grid, which acts as the backbone infrastructure of the system.
3. Distribución de energía:
Es la canalización de la energía a través de redes de media y baja tensión hasta los puntos de consumo finales. Las empresas distribuidoras son propietarias de esta red capilar en zonas geográficas asignadas y garantizan la entrega física. Ejemplos de distribuidoras son: Endesa, Iberdrola, Naturgy.
4. Comercialización de electricidad:
Las empresas comercializadoras como Audax Renovables o ADX Energy compran la energía en el mercado mayorista y la venden al consumidor final, gestionando contratos, facturación y atención.
The wholesale electricity market (pool)
Electrical energy, in its essence, works as a commodity, a commodity whose price is set on a specific market. The main one is the daily market or "pool", managed by OMIE, el operador de mercado eléctrico designado para gestionar el mercado diario de la electricidad en la Península Ibérica, conocido como NEMO (Nominated Electricity Market Operations) a nivel europeo.
In this regulated market, generators bid on their production, and retailers purchase the energy needed to supply their customers through a daily auction, priced hourly and varying according to supply and demand. The result is a "clearance price," which determines the energy's value for each hour of the day. This daily price is the fundamental reference for the cost of energy in the wholesale market.
Inversión en Energías Renovables: Claves y Métricas
Investing in new generation plants, especially renewable ones, involves significant economic considerations. For reference, Marc Farriol, Managing Director of Power Generation at Audax Renovables, indicates that the construction cost (CAPEX) is typically estimated at euros per megawatt (MW) of installed capacityHe points out that "a wind farm can cost around €1,000,000 or €1,200,000 per MW installed, while photovoltaic power is somewhat cheaper, perhaps around €800,000/MW," adding that these are orders of magnitude and depend on multiple factors.
In this sense, it is vital to distinguish between:
- Power (MW): the maximum instantaneous generating capacity of a plant.
- Energy (MWh or GWh): the total amount of electricity produced in a given time (result of Power x Hours of effective operation).
Illustrating this, Marc Farriol explains that "a 50 MW wind farm, if operated for approximately 2,000 hours per year, would generate 100,000 MWh (or 100 GWh) of energy annually." This generated energy is then sold on the market or through bilateral contracts.
Audax Renovables: Own generation and marketing
Within this complex electrical system, Audax Renovables operates strategically in two key areas:
1. Generación propia 100% renovable:
Audax not only markets, but also invests in and operates its own generation plants, exclusively from renewable sources (mainly wind and photovoltaic). This vertical integration It allows us to generate clean energy and use "part of the energy we sell to our customers directly from our facilities." The energy generated is fed into the system, either by selling it on the market (pool) or through bilateral contracts (PPA), often with our own marketing companies. ADX Energy either Audax Renewables.
2. Comercialización eficiente y flexible:
Como comercializadora, nuestra función desde Audax y ADX Energía es adquirir la energía que necesitan nuestros clientes (del pool, de PPAs o de nuestra generación propia) y suministrársela de la forma más ventajosa y adaptada. Esto implica:
2.1. Gestión de compra:
Operamos en los mercados mayoristas y de futuros para asegurar el suministro al mejor coste posible.
2.2 Acceso a redes:
Gestionamos y cubrimos los costes de peajes por el uso de las redes de transporte y distribución.
2.3. Tarifas de luz:
Ofrecemos diversas modalidades contractuales:
- Precio fijo de luz : for customers seeking predictability and stability in their energy costs.
- Precio indexado de luz: directly linked to hourly wholesale market prices, plus a small management margin, ideal for those who can adapt to volatility.
- Mixed and customized solutions: combining the above to optimize according to the consumption profile.
- Clear billing and customer care: We issue detailed invoices and offer customer service to resolve queries and facilitate procedures tailored to each client's needs.
Audax Renovables acts as a essential bridge Between the complexity of the energy market and the needs of the end consumer. We provide added value not only by managing supply and associated costs, but also by offering contractual flexibility and a firm commitment to renewable energy, simplifying access to sustainable and competitive energy.
